The physical
 medium sublayer (lower sublayer) handles and adapts bits as they are fed to the physical medium (e.g.,
 electro-optical conversion)
 The transmission convergence sublayer (upper sublayer) converts the
 flow of cells from the ATM layer into a continuous bit stream (and vice
 versa), involving:
 • Cell rate decoupling (bit rate
 adaptation)
 • Cell delineation (generally using HEC
 method)
 • Mapping of cells into, e.g., SDH VC-4
 payload 
 • Calculation and verification of HEC
 byte