|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  | 
 
  |  | 
   
    | Where
    is pointer processing needed? 
 |  |  | 
 
  |  | 
 
  |  | 
   
    |  |  
    | Pointer
    processing is needed when different SDH 
 |  
    | network nodes have
    slightly different clock rates 
 |  |  |  | 
 
  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
   
    |  |  
    | ATM 
 |  |  
    | switch 
 |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
   
    |  |  
    | Mux/demux 
 |  
    | SDH node 
 |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  | 
   
    |  |  
    | Packing of 
 |  |  
    | VC-4 container 
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |  | 
 
  |  | 
 
  |  | 
   
    |  |  
    | VC-4 container
    passes transparently through 
 |  
    | SDH cross-connect (CC)
    equipment 
 |  |  |  | 
 
  |  |