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    | n | Mobility is
    required practically for all services in the 
 |  | 
   
    |  | very near
    future! 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | In this course
    we will discuss especially the GSM (Global 
 | 
   
    |  | System for
    Mobile communications) (9.6 kbit/s++) and 
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    |  | WCDMA
    (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, or 
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    |  | UMTS) networks 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | UMTS will be
    launched 2002-2003 yielding mobile data 
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    |  | rates up to 2
    Mb/s. However, the GSM network will be 
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    |  | upgraded for
    higher rates thanks to 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | GPRS
    (General Packet Switched Data), 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | HSCSD
    (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) and 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | EDGE
    (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) 
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