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    | n | PSTN switching
    is based on circuit switching by duplex* 
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    |  | connections 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | Temporary bidirectional
    connections 
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    | n | Originally for speech
    (voice) only at 300-3400 Hz 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | Earlier two
    subscribers connected by purely physical 
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    |  | connection
    (physical switch contacts) 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | Nowadays by time
    slots ~ ISDN is integrated to PSDN 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | PCM is
    the TDMA standard for the digital transmission 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | PCM time slots
    consist of 8 bit samples 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | For voice
    digital exchange sets up 64 kbit/s connections 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | Data
    connections by (1) modems, (2) ISDN interface 
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    |  | (3) leased lines
    via X.25 / Frame relay, or (4) ADSL 
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