Introduction
n PSTN switching is based on circuit switching by duplex*
connections
n Temporary bidirectional connections
n Originally for speech (voice) only at 300-3400 Hz
n Earlier two subscribers connected by purely physical
connection (physical switch contacts)
n Nowadays by time slots ~ ISDN is integrated to PSDN
n PCM is the TDMA standard for the digital transmission
n PCM time slots consist of 8 bit samples
n For voice digital exchange sets up 64 kbit/s connections
n Data connections by (1) modems, (2) ISDN interface
(3) leased lines via X.25 / Frame relay, or (4) ADSL
PCM: pulse coded modulation