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    | n | Channel
    associated signaling (CAS) as No.5, R1, R2 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | analog and
    digital connections 
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    |  | 
   
    | n | Modern ISDN
    exchanges apply SS7(digital), that is a 
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    |  | common channel
    signaling method (CSS) that is 
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    |  | discussed later
    in its own lecture 
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    | n | CAS is
    divided into line and register signaling: 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | Line
    signaling: 
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    |  | n | line state
    between the trunk-links as 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | answer,
    clear-forward*, clear-back 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | Register
    signaling: 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | routing
    information as 
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    |  | 
   
    |  | n | B-number,
    A-category, B-status 
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