|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
   
    | TUP (Telephone User Part) – is being replaced
    by ISUP 
 |  | 
   
    |  | 
   
    | ISUP (ISDN User Part) – for all signalling
    related to 
 |  | 
   
    | setting up,
    maintaining, and releasing circuit switched 
 |  | 
   
    | connections 
 |  | 
   
    |  | 
   
    | MAP (Mobile User Part) – for transactions
    between 
 |  | 
   
    | exchanges
    (MSC, GMSC) and databases (HLR, EIR, AuC) 
 | 
   
    | in mobile
    networks 
 |  | 
   
    |  | 
   
    | INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part) for
    IN 
 |  | 
   
    | applications in
    fixed networks 
 |  | 
   
    |  | 
   
    | CAP (CAMEL Application Part) for extended IN 
 |  | 
   
    | functionality
    in mobile networks (where MAP is not 
 |  | 
   
    | sufficient ...) 
 |  |